Programs rarely exist in isolation. With a few exceptions, a program requires a supporting environment within which to run. For a compiled language, this can be handled by the operating system or in more extreme cases like micr

The Skip List, introduced in 1990 by Pugh[1] is an interesting data structure. Skip lists came in to being as an evolution of the humble linked list. Indeed, skip lists have been described as "linked lists with a fast lane", which is certainly true, bu

The 1978 paper "A Dichromatic Framework for Balanced Trees" by Guibas and Sedgewick[1] in which the authors introduced red/black trees to the world, they discuss algorithms for bottom up 2-3 tree's, bottom up 2-3-4 tree's, and bottom up AVL tree's usin